Perl Hashes

Watch out! This tutorial is over 7 years old. Please keep this in mind as some code snippets provided may no longer work or need modification to work on current systems.
Tutorial Difficulty Level    

Variables whose names begin with % are hashes, which are essentially arrays subscripted by strings. As with arrays, %sue is a hash, and it is a different variable from $sue, though members of %sue are selected by $sue{$s}.

The built-in function keys(%sue) returns an array of all the keys (subscripts) of the hash %sue.

# Simple hash constructs
$fred{"with"} = "without";
$fred{"this"} = "that";
$fred{"mountain"} = "valley";
$fred{"left"} = "right";
print qq/$fred{"this"}\n/;
@keys = keys(%fred);
print "Keys are @keys\n";

# Initializer for %yard.
%yard = ( red => 'brick',
          blue => 'sky',
          green => 'grass',
          yellow => 'dandelion' );
print "$yard{'blue'} $yard{'yellow'}\n";